Additional information • Accidental skin contact by either LS1 or SS4 is very unlikely to result in any irritation or other effect, but it is recommended that it is not deliberately applied to the skin, especially the face and eyes, and that accidental splashes are washed off immediately. • Monitoring of contaminated equipment, plant and staff is carried out in the same way that it would be with real radiation instruments, and the use of a simulator embodying a real, or apparently real, ratemeter adds to this realism. Probes, of the same external form as the probes normally used, extend the realism considerably. • The simulation is particularly appropriate to alpha radiation, but training in the measurement of surface contamination levels of beta and gamma radiation may also be given. • To operate effectively the probe should be held within 1cm of the surface to be monitored. At or below 0.5cm a countrate of greater than 1000cps may be achieved, and this will diminish to zero when the probe has been moved away from the surface. • In addition, if the probe is brought in contact with LS1, it will become contaminated and emit a continuous signal, as a geiger or scintillator probe would when contaminated with a radioactive contaminant. The discipline of good probe manipulation near surfaces is thus instilled by the system, resulting in good practice by the trainee when set to work. • Decontamination of equipment and protective clothing, vehicles, floors etc., may be demonstrated by washing with water or a water-detergent solution, and both will result in a reduction of countrate, but not necessarily complete cleaning. Use of swabs also results in a reduction in countrate, and in this case it may be demonstrated that the swab has become contaminated during use. • Use of proprietary decontamination foaming sprays results in the complete removal of LS1 from both metals and fabrics. Scenarios involving the monitoring and subsequent clean up of spills, of donning and doffing safety equipment and clothing, and of the spread of contamination by accidental contact with contaminated items and floors may be easily staged, and all will have considerable realism. • Depending on the quantity of LS1 spread, the surface texture, temperature and air movements, the apparent radiation will continue to be emitted for up to 2 hours.  Evaporation of the liquid will cause the signal to reduce, and after 12hours no signal will be found, and the area will be completely clean of any residual contamination.  This will then allow the training to be repeated in the same area without any problem of background signal.